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Turmeric is a spice that is instantly recognised by its bright yellow colour and earthy taste. It is an essential ingredient in Indian curries, and it also holds a central place in Ayurveda, Siddha, and other systems of medicine. Farmers across India grow different types of turmeric, which vary in their curcumin content, flavour, and strength. The uses of turmeric go beyond the kitchen, as it is applied in skincare, religious ceremonies, and traditional healing. Understanding the varieties of turmeric and their uses helps explain why this single spice has remained so important across generations.
Lakadong Turmeric Of Meghalaya
One of the most celebrated varieties of turmeric in India is Lakadong turmeric, which is grown in the Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. This variety is known for its very high curcumin content, which can range between six and seven per cent. Curcumin is the compound that gives turmeric its yellow colour and medicinal properties. Lakadong turmeric is considered strong in taste and deep in colour, which makes it highly valued for both cooking and health supplements. Farmers in Meghalaya have cultivated this turmeric for centuries, and in recent years it has gained recognition across India and abroad for its potency. Lakadong turmeric is often used in turmeric milk for relief during seasonal illness. It is also mixed with honey or warm water as a daily health drink.
Alleppey And Salem Turmeric
In Kerala, the Alleppey variety of turmeric is well known for its deep orange colour and high oil content. This makes it especially useful in spice blends such as sambar powder and rasam powder. It also lends strong colour to curries and pickles. In Tamil Nadu, Salem turmeric has a bright yellow shade and a more balanced curcumin level. Salem turmeric is one of the most widely traded varieties in India, and it forms the base of commercial turmeric powder found in many shops. Both Alleppey and Salem turmeric are important to households and food industries because of their consistency and wide availability. Alleppey turmeric is commonly used in sambhar, rasam, and traditional spice powders. Salem turmeric is preferred in home cooking for its colour and smooth texture in gravies.
Rajapuri And Sangli Turmeric Of Maharashtra
Maharashtra produces Rajapuri and Sangli turmeric, which have distinct qualities. Rajapuri turmeric is known for its large, bold fingers and high starch content, which makes it useful for grinding into powder. Sangli turmeric, grown in western Maharashtra, has received Geographical Indication status, which recognises its unique quality. Sangli turmeric has a rich aroma and colour, and it is a major source of turmeric exports. Farmers in the region rely on this crop for their livelihood, and its recognition has strengthened the value of the spice in both domestic and global markets. Rajapuri turmeric is widely used in pickles and curry bases prepared at home. Sangli turmeric is used in masala mixes for dals and vegetable dishes.
Other Regional Varieties And Their Uses
Across India, many regions grow turmeric suited to local soils and climates. In Odisha, Erode turmeric is common in local cooking and household medicine. In Andhra Pradesh, Duggarala turmeric has gained importance for its role in regional spice mixes. In Assam, small farmers cultivate varieties adapted to the high rainfall and unique conditions of the Northeast. Erode turmeric is often used in turmeric paste applied on the skin during weddings and ceremonies. Local varieties like Duggarala turmeric are used daily in sambars, dals, and stir-fries. These varieties may not always be traded on a large scale, but they remain vital in local kitchens and community health practices. Each region values turmeric not only as a spice but also as part of cultural traditions.
Uses Beyond Cooking
Turmeric is famous for its role in cooking, yet its uses are wide-ranging. Ayurveda prescribes turmeric for digestion, skin health, and wound healing. In households, a paste of turmeric is applied for skin care and minor cuts. Turmeric milk is commonly given during colds or fatigue. In religious life, turmeric is used in puja rituals, marriage ceremonies, and as a symbol of purity. The different varieties are often chosen depending on their strength and colour, but the purpose remains the same, which is to bring health, auspiciousness, and warmth into daily life.
Modern Applications And Continuing Relevance
In modern times, turmeric has found a place in packaged health supplements, teas, and cosmetic products. Scientific studies continue to examine the properties of curcumin, and Indian farmers are gaining recognition for producing high-quality varieties like Lakadong and Sangli turmeric. Despite commercial demand, turmeric continues to serve households in traditional ways. The different varieties support diverse needs, from cooking fragrant curries to preparing remedies and rituals. The resilience of this spice across centuries shows how deeply it is woven into Indian life.
